Agriculture in the canton of Geneva faces numerous challenges while maintaining strategic importance in the economy and society. François Erard, Deputy of Le Centre in the Grand Council of the Republic and Canton of Geneva, member of the Environment & Agriculture Commission and the Energy Commission, explains to our portal the current situation of agriculture in this Swiss region, the relationship between the state and farmers, as well as future perspectives.
Fewer Farmers, but Growing Interest in Agriculture
“In Geneva, there are fewer and fewer farmers, but more and more individuals and communities supporting agriculture. Agri-Genève, the organization I represent, was founded in 1924 and once had 400 members. Today, that number is lower, but we are now supported by municipalities and citizens who understand the importance of local food production,” explains Mr. Erard.
Agricultural events and political engagement are at the heart of Agri-Genève’s work.
“We focus on protecting farmers’ interests through political engagement at both the cantonal and federal levels. Arable land is decreasing, but strict regulations protect agricultural areas from urban expansion,” he emphasizes.
Issues and Prospects – Is There Hope?
Geneva is a unique case, surrounded by urban areas and possessing only 11,000 hectares of arable land.
“The pressure on farmland is enormous, but in return, we have a market of 500,000 consumers who appreciate local products. Production is increasingly shifting toward greenhouse crops – Geneva is the largest tomato producer in Switzerland. Additionally, we have the third-largest vineyard in the country. In the past, flower cultivation was dominant, but it has almost disappeared due to cheap imports,” our interviewee explains.
Switzerland is known for its family farms, and most estates are passed down from generation to generation.
“For us, the continuity of agricultural activity is not an issue, as children usually take over the farm. Farm sizes vary depending on the crop: about 50 to 60 hectares are needed for cereals, around ten hectares for viticulture, and far less for vegetable farming,” Mr. Erard specifies.
State Support and Market Challenges
Switzerland is not part of the European Union, which has long allowed it to protect its farmers from low-cost imports.
“The system of direct payments ensures that farmers do not rely solely on selling their products but also on providing public-interest services, such as landscape and biodiversity preservation. This system represents a significant share of farmers’ income,” Mr. Erard highlights.
The federal government finances 90% of the subsidies, while cantonal authorities complement these aids. The Swiss agricultural budget amounts to around four billion Swiss francs per year, the majority of which is allocated to direct payments.
The Future of Swiss Agriculture
One of the greatest challenges remains climate change, particularly for viticulture.
“The problems begin in March and April when early spring temperatures trigger rapid vine growth, followed by late frosts that destroy the harvest. Water is also becoming a major concern – alternating droughts and heavy rainfall further complicate farmers’ work,” he emphasizes.
Geneva has implemented its own quality label, GRTA (Genève Région – Terre Avenir), which promotes local products in major retailers like Coop and Migros, as well as in markets and farms.
“This label guarantees freshness, sustainability, and fair working conditions for agricultural employees. Our goal is for as many Genevans as possible to consume local products,” concludes Mr. Erard.
Agriculture in Geneva and Switzerland faces significant challenges but still benefits from strong support and systemic measures that protect farmers’ interests. Despite a decreasing number of producers, interest in local production continues to grow. With appropriate policies and increased consumer awareness, this sector will remain a vital pillar of Swiss society.
